Sat 29 May 2010
Update from Jarretts at Tenwek
Posted by paulejr under Uncategorized
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Dear Friends and Family:
Thank you so much for your prayers. I am surviving and enjoying being back with friends at Tenwek. Please click on the link to read the entire message. It seems like my first week here was the busiest in surgery. A team of heart surgeons came during my second and third weeks; as much as possible, other services stepped aside to allow these volunteers to use their amazing skills to do open heart surgeries.
Some days have been busy and others not so much. Even with the heart team gone, I’ve done less surgery the past week –more as a result of fewer cases than of others doing a lot. I probably saved some lives this week without doing the major surgeries, so it felt worthwhile being here for that reason, as well as making some improvements in the OB service.
One day this week, the ultrasound tech called me up near lunch time to see one of our nursing staff who has a fibroid in her uterus. The patient had stepped out when I arrived, so I waited on a chair while the tech was doing a heart ultrasound on an elderly patient. Her daughter was assisting her and introduced herself. She was a teacher at Tenwek High School, and I had helped her in 2001 by delivering her son, whom she named Jarrett. He is attending the Ernie Steury School. That was fun.
This past Wednesday I was on call, so I ran the labor room most of the day to have continuity on call that night. For a change, the labor room was full of laboring patients as we had finally cleared out the non-labor patients needing more intense nursing care. Some were having labor induced and some beds contained two patients. I think there were seven labor patients. On a delivery couch was another patient who three days ago had delivered at home a set of twins, her sixth and seventh children; she had bled heavily afterwards. She hadn’t delivered either placenta and her hemoglobin was down to 3.2, whereas normal is 12-14. They had no O positive blood in the blood bank to give to her. The intern said her cervix was closed down and she wasn’t bleeding any more. We started some Pitocin to see if she could expel the placentas. The nursing matron appealed to the staff for blood donations, but only one unit was received. I expect most had given too recently for the heart team patients. We started the unit of blood.
As I checked on the laboring patients in the late afternoon, I found that a mother of eight had been admitted the night before with complete separation of the placenta and no fetal heartbeat. Abruption of the placenta is a really urgent situation; one must get the patient delivered before she uses up all of her clotting factors trying to stop the internal bleeding. She had been missed on rounds and the admitting intern forgot to mention to anyone that she had arrived the night before and assumed she had been delivered. Wrong – she was just quietly waiting in the logjam in the labor room. Now some 16 hours later, her uterus was as hard as a rock and she hadn’t responded to the Pitocin with any labor or change to the cervix. I took her immediately to surgery for a cesarean section which actually went well despite her having lost two pints of blood inside the uterus. I feared that the uterus might not contract afterwards because of the suffusion of trapped blood throughout the muscle of the uterus. The uterus was purple in color as in the dangerous Couvelaire condition, but it still contracted after the baby was removed. Fortunately there wasn’t any extra bleeding from the incision or venipuncture sites, which happens when all clotting factors are gone.
I returned to the ward to check on Alice, the mother with two retained placentas. I thought it might be necessary to do a hysterectomy. To have retained the placentas so long suggested they had grown into the wall of the uterus during the pregnancy. She had received a unit of blood and her blood pressure was stable, but she was beginning to bleed again. It was clear that she could not withstand continued bleeding overnight with no available blood in the bank to replace the loss; I had to do something. Doing a hysterectomy was possible, although it might involve more blood loss than she could tolerate with her hemoglobin still in the 3 range. I checked to see if the cervix had opened enough for either of the placentas to deliver. Nothing had come out, but I could now get my hand into the uterus to grab part of a placenta. Manual removal also involves risk of hemorrhage, but it seemed the quickest and safest way to solve the problem.
The patient was extremely cooperative as I removed most of one placenta. I was able to insert my entire hand up to mid forearm without her complaining. The placenta seemed to be fairly firmly attached to the lining surface of the uterus but not deep into the muscle. After removing all that I could in that manner and being unable to reach to the top of the uterus for the remainder of the placenta, I decided to look for some instruments to aid the removal process. I went to surgical theatre and found Anna, the Japanese nurse in charge. I had been told by several people that my large curette necessary for this procedure had been lost. Anna said, “No it is wrapped separately as always.” There it was on the front of the shelf! I only needed to ask the right person. With the curette and a pair of ring forceps which were nearly broken with metal fatigue – one ring had a complete crack – I began the piecemeal removal of the placentas.
The joke goes, “How do you eat an elephant?” The answer is, “One bite at a time.” That’s the way I removed the placentas, bringing out one tiny section at a time. A placenta usually has about 13 cotyledons [lobes] and each bite brought out a whole or half cotyledon. It took over an hour of repetitive scraping and grasping chunks of placenta until I felt like I had removed everything. Fortunately, the bleeding didn’t increase throughout the entire procedure.
The following day, the patient still had a rapid heartbeat but was making plenty of urine indicating good perfusion of her internal organs. She received a second unit of blood but not the third as requested. The next day her heart rate was still fast and she was dizzy when sitting up. We kept her in bed and pleaded for more blood. It sounded as if she would get one unit when I went off duty yesterday afternoon. These looked to me like two cases of multiple orphan prevention; both patients should do well.
I was able to get the ward a little more organized by changing some procedures. The nursing instructors granted us use of the small classroom to discuss our cases after rounds. We had been meeting in the middle of the busy hallway junction outside the nurse’s station where patients had to pass through our meeting on the way to the nursery and relatives sat on the bench with us. Discussing cases in such an environment wasn’t conducive to patient confidentiality, especially if the interns talked loud enough for me to hear them.
In my last letter, I had mentioned the problem of our maternity beds being full of patients who were recovering from gynecologic surgeries, medical conditions in pregnant or postpartum patients, and even advanced cervical cancer in an elderly patient. With the nursing shortage, many of our patients were missing vital signs and medication dosages. In contrast the female surgical ward remained one third empty and those nurses were not so busy. After I had left in October, 2007, a decision was made to move these other patients to Maternity to make room for more post surgical and orthopedic patients. That census eventually went down while our maternity census increased dramatically the past five months to the point of having no beds for labor patients who were often walking the halls or sitting on a bench outside the labor room. I discussed the situation with the nurse in charge as well as our OB team. Before the doctors could arrange to go to the medical superintendant with our request, the nursing matron made the decision to go back to the former status of having the gynecology patients in female surgical ward. It made an immediate difference in our overcrowded labor room. Thank you, Lord.
Next I tried to solve the problem of no room to do exams for our patients needing assessment for induction of labor. After rounds, the patients selected for exams are instructed to come up from the big ward room and sit on a bench outside the delivery room while the intern on duty does exams of the cervix. If deliveries are occurring, there is a long wait; many finally go back to the ward without being seen. Others get started on inductions very late.
I discussed this with the nurse in charge and we agreed there was no reason for these routine exams to be done exclusively on the delivery tables. We could screen off a bed in the ward or use the small exam room if it wasn’t in use by the nurses for checks of routine postpartum mothers, as it frequently is. We could even use the private room if it isn’t in use. I hope that this change will allow the interns who saw the patients on rounds to do their own exams rather than selecting one intern who has acute patient care responsibilities to do all the exams all day long while other interns go to clinic. The patients really need to be examined early if they are to have labor induced.
We continue to see patients with serious medical conditions. In my last letter, I mentioned patients with pneumonia and heart failure after delivery. While the heart team was here, the cardiologist examined each of these patients and found each had significant heart disease probably as a result of rheumatic fever damage. Another patient probably had a type of stroke. We had several patients with significant pregnancy induced high blood pressure.
Sharon is a 28-year-old mother of four who has inoperable cancer of the esophagus. She delivered the week before admission and was so weak from being unable to swallow and get food past the cancer that she was unable to walk. The gastroenterologist was able to put in a stent that opened up the esophagus enough for her to be able to swallow. She should survive long enough to nurse this baby until it can eat regular food. Please pray for her; she will enter our hospice program.
Last week I gave a lecture to the interns on malaria in pregnancy. The night of the lecture, we admitted a patient who had all the bullet points in my presentation. Mercy had delivered her first child by cesarean at a district hospital and recovered normally for a few days, but then things started going wrong. She was running a fever, had headaches getting progressively worse, and gradually was more and more confused. The doctors treated her for bacterial infection without improvement and the relatives brought her to Tenwek. If she had an infection, it wasn’t obvious, but she was anemic, had a low normal white blood cell count and a low platelet count. Her blood pressure was low and her lungs weren’t clear. She wasn’t making any urine.
We admitted her to the ICU with a diagnosis of cerebral malaria and gave her fluids that helped her produce a small amount of black urine – black water fever, another sign of severe malaria produced by destruction of red blood cells and clogging up of the kidneys with breakdown products. Although we started quinine, within hours she began to desaturate – having inadequate oxygen levels in the blood. We intubated her by placing an endotracheal tube and suctioned fluid from her lungs which helped but only temporarily. The ventilator kept her going for awhile, but she died by 6pm, less than 24 hours after admission. Sometimes we’re just too late with the diagnosis to help such a serious complication – even for a relatively healthy young person.
I have now visited two of our children’s homes – Umoja and Kenduiwa. Already this letter is too long, so I will make it a goal to write again sooner and give an update on those homes. Both are doing very well. The children look healthy and happy.
Please remember to pray for the sale of our house; we are making final preparations prior to listing it on the market although there is another potential buyer who has seen the property and has some interest. We’re praying for God’s perfect timing of everything. Also, please pray that we can make the necessary repairs to make the house attractive to a buyer but in an economic manner.
Amy and Nathan will leave for Kenya on June 7. Please pray for safe travel for them and their luggage.
Serving Jesus with you,
Paul, from Kenya